Delhi Sultanate 1206–1526 AD

The Sultans of Delhi ruled Delhi for 320 years from 1206 to 1526 AD. Five dynasties achieved power during this period. A brief description of all the descendants of the Sultanate period is as follows-

1. Slave dynasty or Ilbari. 1206 AD — 1290 AD

2. Khilji dynasty. 1290 AD — 1319 AD

3. Tughlaq dynasty (longest) 1320 AD — 1483 AD

4. Sayyid dynasty (youngest) 1414 AD — 1450 AD

5. Lodi dynasty 1451 AD — 1526 AD

Ilbari or slave dynasty

Aibak (1206 to 1210 AD)

After the death of Muhammad Ghori, his slave Qutbuddin Aibak ascended the throne in 1206 AD. Attracted by the various qualities of Qutbuddin, Muhammad Ghori appointed (Amir-e-Akhor) Akhwaladhyaksha. A slave of Muizzuddin sat on the throne of Ghazni. Aibak severed the relation of Delhi Sultanate with Ghazni. Mu. After the death of bin Bakhtiyar Khilji, Alimdin established authority over Bengal and Bihar. It accepted the suzerainty of Aibak and promised to pay annual tribute to the Sultan of Delhi. Aibak died after falling from a horse in 1210 AD while opening quadrangles (polo). Historian Minhaj has praised him in his book Tabqaenasiri.

Aibak was a skilled politician. Aibak married his daughter to Iltutmish, his sister to Nasruddin Kuwacha, Aibak himself married the daughter of Alduj. Many scholars lived in Aibak’s court. Scholars like Hasan Nizami Fakhe Mudawvir and Fakhruddin lived in his court. Aibak built two mosques. The first was the Kunwatul Islam Masjid (Delhi), the second was the Adhai Din Ka Jhopra (Ajmer), and earlier it was a Sanskrit school. Due to the generosity of Qutbuddin, he was given the title of Lakhakhsh. He made Lahore his capital.

Altamas (1210 to 1236 AD)

On becoming the ruler of Delhi, Aibak appointed Iltutmish as the administrator of Bandayu. In Bandayu itself, Iltutmish received an invitation to establish authority over Aramshah’s opponents. Iltutmish appointed the organization of forty of his trusted slaves.

There were many problems in front of Iltutmish after sitting on the throne. First of all he suppressed Eldouz. The Sultan defeated Eldouz and captured Lahore and suppressed the Kuwachs. In 1221, under the leadership of Genghis Khan, the Khunkhar Mongols of Central Asia reached the border of India in pursuit of Shah Jailaluddin of Khwarizm. He sought refuge from Iltutmish. iltutmish Said that the climate of India is not suitable for you. Iltutmish saved India from Mongol invasion.

For higher education, Iltutmish built a school in Delhi and another in Multan. The Caliph of Baghdad sent an ambassador in 1229 AD and presented a special type of dress (khilat). Iltutmish in his

Nasir Amirrul Gomaniya himself was declared the head protector of religion on the coins. Iltutmish loved literature and art. Historian Minhajuddin Siraj was in his court. Iltumish got the Qutub Minar completed in Delhi.

Iltutmish was the first Muslim ruler who introduced Arabic coins. It carried a silver taka weighing 175 grains and a copper jital. An inscription was made on these coins in Arabic language. Iltutmish appointed the famous scholar Junaydi as his prime minister.

Iltutmish divided his kingdom into small pieces. Which is called Iqta. Their officers are called Iqtadars. Iltutmish used this arrangement to end the feudal system and strengthen the central administration. Iltutmish was the real founder of the Delhi Sultanate. He struck a coin in his own name and obtained a certificate from the Khalifa.

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Slave dynasty or Ilbari 1206 AD — 1290 AD (ancientmodernhistory.gq)